考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解七大常考點(diǎn)，碼住不慌！

　　摘要：暑假來(lái)咯，考研er你們的暑期復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃做好了嘛！2021的各位小伙伴可以在暑假里悠哉悠哉地復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)啦，趁著時(shí)間還早，趕快啃一啃這塊硬骨頭。暑期這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，復(fù)習(xí)閱讀這塊是最好不過(guò)啦，幫幫給大家準(zhǔn)備了一些閱讀理解七大常考點(diǎn)，快來(lái)碼住~

　　1、 首末段首末句

　　1) 文章首段首末句往往出“主旨大意題”。因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)文章的開始往往會(huì)采用開門見(jiàn)山的形式提出文章的中心思想。有些時(shí)候匯總首段末句出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，however，yet，則轉(zhuǎn)折后所要表述的內(nèi)容往往是文章的中心思想，通常成為出題點(diǎn)。

　　例2010-1

　　Of all changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

　　Q:What would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days

　　[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

　　[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism

　　[D] Prominent Critics in Memory

　　2) 末段首末句，通常對(duì)全文再次作總結(jié)，由此也會(huì)成為考查點(diǎn)。通常會(huì)用一些總結(jié)性的標(biāo)志詞如：all in all，in short，to conclude, in consequence, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus等引。

　　2、 轉(zhuǎn)折詞

　　一些明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞包括but，however, yet(位于句首)，though， on the contrary, although/while/in spite of/ despite…等，轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后的意思一般來(lái)說(shuō)都是相反的，而作者往往偏重轉(zhuǎn)折處后面的內(nèi)容。因此，在閱讀過(guò)程中看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞，考生最好能做上標(biāo)志以便做題時(shí)查找。

　　例2008-text3

　　The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.

　　Q: The text intends to tell us that

　　[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.

　　[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.

　　[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.

　　[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

　　3、對(duì)比和類比處

　　作者也經(jīng)常會(huì)把兩個(gè)事物、兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而論證自己觀點(diǎn)的正確性。表示對(duì)比的一些標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有in contrast, in comparison, compared with等。特別指出的是，只要文章第一段中出現(xiàn)對(duì)照和對(duì)比的內(nèi)容，往往將在下文中進(jìn)行具體討論，并在文章最后得出結(jié)論，這就是文章的出題點(diǎn)。

　　2008-text1

　　While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

　　Q: Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

　　[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

　　[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

　　[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

　　[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

　　4、舉例處

　　1)舉例子，句子的作用為了支持作者的觀點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)在段落內(nèi)這些例子往往成為考題點(diǎn)。一般都帶有以下標(biāo)志性詞匯： for example, for instance, take …as an example, as, such as, case, like等。

　　2)列舉：指通過(guò)一些順承關(guān)系詞，如：first, second , third, furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition 等列出事實(shí)或者觀點(diǎn)。(見(jiàn)下例1997--text3)

　　5、因果關(guān)系處

　　因果句通常是作者進(jìn)行分析和得出結(jié)論的地方。英語(yǔ)句子存在前因后果和前果后因，考生一定要弄清楚誰(shuí)推到誰(shuí)。出題人為了考查考生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經(jīng)常把因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行顛倒，出現(xiàn)果變成因，因變成果，要注意選項(xiàng)在此處設(shè)下的陷阱，注意區(qū)分。

　　1)表示原因的標(biāo)志性詞：because, because of , so, for, since, as ,result from, originate from, derive from, base, basis, reason, above all ,after all等。

　　2)結(jié)果：thus， therefore， consequently, in consequence, as a result; lead to, attribute to , result ,consequence, result in , cause等

　　例1997-text3

　　First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

　　Q: Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.

　　[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time

　　[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes

　　[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases

　　[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms

　　6、比喻處

　　類比在文中主要有兩種方式，一是明喻，而是暗喻。出題人往往考查比喻的引申義，而非字面義，所以出現(xiàn)字面意思的選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)誤的，例如1997的text1用“多米諾紙牌”指代安樂(lè)死法案也會(huì)在其他國(guó)家通過(guò)。

　　7、引用處

　　說(shuō)明文或者議論文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)他人的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)支持論證作者的觀點(diǎn)或反駁他人的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)于引用話一定要分清是正面支持還是用來(lái)反駁的。

　　例2003-text2

　　To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　Q:The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.

　　[A] call on scientists to take some actions

　　[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

　　[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

　　[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement