2015研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題及解析（英語二）

　　2015研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題（英語二）
　　Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
　　In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they rolling in their phones, even without a 1 underground.
　　It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4: "Please don't approach me."
　　What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
　　One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach." We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy," he told The Huffington Post. We fear we'll be 7. We fear we'll be disruptive.
　　Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11."
　　But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."
　　18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
　　1.[A] ticket    [B] permit    [C] signal    [D] record
　　2.[A] nothing    [B] little    [C] another    [D] much
　　3.[A] beaten    [B] guided    [C] plugged    [D] brought
　　4.[A] message    [B] code    [C] notice    [D] sign
　　5.[A] under    [B] beyond    [C] behind    [D] from
　　6.[A] misapplied    [B] mismatched    [C] misadjusted    [D] misinterpreted
　　7.[A] replaced    [B] fired    [C] judged    [D] delayed
　　8.[A] unreasonable    [B] ungrateful    [C] unconventional    [D] unfamiliar
　　9.[A] comfortable    [B] confident    [C] anxious    [D] angry
　　10.[A] attend    [B] point    [C] take    [D] turn
　　11.[A] dangerous    [B] mysterious    [C] violent    [D] boring
　　12.[A] hurt    [B] resist    [C] bend    [D] decay
　　13.[A] lecture    [B] conversation    [C] debate    [D] negotiation
　　14.[A] passengers    [B] employees    [C] researchers    [D] trainees
　　15.[A] reveal    [B] choose    [C] predict      [D] design
　　16.[A] voyage    [B] ride    [C] walk    [D] flight
　　17.[A] went through    [B] did away    [C] caught up    [D] put up
　　18.[A] in turn    [B] in fact      [C] in particular    [D] in consequence
　　19.[A] unless    [B] since    [C] if    [D] whereas
　　20.[A] funny    [B] logical    [C] simple    [D] rare
　　正確選項(xiàng) 1-5 CDCAC 6-10 DCDCD 11-15 AABAC 16-20 BABBC
　　真題解析：
　　1. C  [A] ticket 票  [B] permit 允許，許可  [C] signal信號(hào)，標(biāo)志  [D]  record記錄，記載
　　解析：名詞辨析。根據(jù)上句話含義，"我們周圍的每個(gè)人似乎都打開他們的手機(jī)，甚至沒有__出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候"。與手機(jī)相關(guān)的最合適的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為C信號(hào)的意思。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　2. D  [A]  nothing 沒有什么 [B] little 一點(diǎn) [C] another另外一個(gè)   [D] much許多
　　解析：名詞辨析。在這句話中because there's ____to be gained，缺少的是gained 的賓語。所以我們much 代替這個(gè)賓語。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　3. C  [A] beaten被擊敗的，打敗的  [B] guided有指導(dǎo)的  [C] plugged 塞緊的 [D] brought帶來，拿來
　　解析：動(dòng)賓搭配。C選項(xiàng)plugged 與into搭配，譯為"塞進(jìn)"，符合原文語境。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　4. A  [A] message消息，信息  [B] code密碼，法則    [C] notice注意  [D] sign符號(hào)，簽名
　　解析：動(dòng)賓搭配。send the messages 譯為"傳遞消息"符合原文語義。因此A為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　5. C  [A] under在……下面  [B] beyond超出   [C] behind 在……后面   [D] from來自
　　解析：動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配。本題中，空格處所需一個(gè)介詞，和前面的hide搭配。因此，hide behind 翻譯成"隱藏在__的后面"，搭配最為合理。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　6.D [A]misapplied 被誤用的 [B]mismatched 不相配的，不勢(shì)均力敵的 [C]misadjusted 失調(diào)的  [D]misinterpreted誤解
　　解析：上下文語義+詞義辨析  在本題中，空格處需要填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，同時(shí)要搭配后面的"as creepy"(被___當(dāng)做怪異的)。因此，結(jié)合四個(gè)單詞的含義，D選項(xiàng)"被誤解成為行為怪異的"更符合原文語義要求。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　7. C [A]replaced被替換的 [B]fired被開除的 [C]judged裁定的，評(píng)判的 [D]delayed延時(shí)的，拖延的
　　解析：上下文語義+詞義辨析  本句中，考查我們 "fear" 的事情是被____. 結(jié)合上下文語義以及選項(xiàng)含義，我們可以直接排除掉B和D,這兩項(xiàng)與"坐地鐵"無關(guān)。符合原文含義的是D，我們害怕被"評(píng)判"。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　8. D [A]unreasonable不合理的，不切合實(shí)際的 [B] ungrateful忘恩負(fù)義的，不領(lǐng)情的 [C]unconventional非傳統(tǒng)的，不合慣例的 [D]unfamiliar不熟悉的
　　解析：上下文語義+形容詞辨析 本題考查形容詞的辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身沒有難度。做形容詞這一類題要注意它修飾的成分是什么。本句是一個(gè)較簡(jiǎn)單的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是"strangers" ，空格處讓我們填表語，修飾的是strangers,因此，根據(jù)語義，應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)"不熟悉的"，譯為"陌生人本身對(duì)我們來說就是不太熟悉的"。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　9. C [A]comfortable 舒適的，充裕的[B]confident自信的，有信心的[C]anxious憂慮的， [D]angry生氣的，憤怒的
　　解析：上下文語義+形容詞辨析  本題結(jié)合前半句的含義，"陌生人本身對(duì)我們來說就是不太熟悉的"，因此，人們?cè)诤湍吧私涣鞯臅r(shí)候會(huì)更___。我們要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾與陌生人交流時(shí)候的心情，結(jié)合四個(gè)單詞含義，C"憂慮的"更符合這種交流心境。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　10.D  [A]attend 出席，參加[B]point指出，朝向，瞄準(zhǔn)[C]take 拿，帶 [D]turn 翻轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)移
　　解析：動(dòng)詞搭配。上句語義為"為了避免這種尷尬，我們___我們的手機(jī)"。在本句中，需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，并且能"to"搭配。A與B比較好排除，關(guān)鍵看C和D這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng). C選項(xiàng) "take to "譯為"開始，從事"。D選項(xiàng)"turn to"譯為"轉(zhuǎn)向"。D比C更能說明我們的這個(gè)動(dòng)作。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　11. A [A]dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的[B]mysterious神秘的[C]violent猛烈的，強(qiáng)烈的，暴力的 [D]boring令人厭煩的，無聊的
　　解析：形容詞辨析。結(jié)合上文語句，"電話已經(jīng)變成了我們的安全保證"，"它是我們快樂的保障并且能夠保護(hù)我們，不讓我們受到更___的情況。"根據(jù)上下文語義以及四個(gè)形容詞含義，A選項(xiàng)更符合語義要求。"危險(xiǎn)的"和前面的"保護(hù)"搭配更為合理。因此A為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　12. A  [A]hurt 損害，傷害[B]resist抵制，抵抗[C]bend彎曲 [D]decay（使）衰退，腐敗
　　解析：動(dòng)詞辨析。這段句首有一個(gè)非常重要的連接詞 "But",表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明接下來所要表述的含義與上文發(fā)生了完全的改變。根據(jù)對(duì)上一段的分析，是說人們?cè)诔俗罔F的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常看手機(jī)是因?yàn)楹ε潞湍吧私涣?，那么這一段的論述方向?yàn)?quot;但是如果我們收起手機(jī)，向上看看，其實(shí)不會(huì)__的重。"結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義，A選項(xiàng)"傷害"更符合語義。因此A為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　13. B [A]lecture演講，講課 [B]conversation談話，會(huì)話[C]debate辯論，爭(zhēng)論 [D]negotiation談判，協(xié)商
　　解析：名詞辨析。本題相對(duì)較簡(jiǎn)單，動(dòng)詞和名詞的搭配，"開始一個(gè)（場(chǎng)）__"，結(jié)合原文語義，應(yīng)該為開始談話。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　14. A [A]passengers 旅客[B]employees雇員[C]researchers 研發(fā)人員[D]trainees研修生
　　解析：名詞辨析。結(jié)合全文主旨，本文在討論乘坐地鐵是否和陌生人說話的問題。因此，A"乘客"是最符合語境的。因此A為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　15. C [A]reveal 顯示，透漏[B]choose選擇[C]predict 預(yù)測(cè)[D]design設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)劃
　　解析：動(dòng)詞辨析。本題考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義辨析。結(jié)合原文語境，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一個(gè)非常重要的線索點(diǎn)，即"      how they would feel after talking to a stranger"我們要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞能連接后面的"would"將來時(shí)，所以，只有C選項(xiàng)有這個(gè)功能。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　16. B [A]voyage 航行，旅行[B]ride騎，乘[C]walk步行 [D]flight飛行
　　解析：名詞辨析。在本句中, "____ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與乘坐地鐵有關(guān)。因此，B選項(xiàng)"ride乘"比較符合原文語義。
　　17.A  [A]went through 經(jīng)歷，檢查，瀏覽[B]did away（with）廢除，去掉[C]caught up 趕上，追上[D]put up放，存儲(chǔ)，提供
　　解析：介詞短語搭配。本題所需短語要與后面的experience搭配，因此A選項(xiàng)"經(jīng)歷"更符合語義要求。
　　18. B [A]in turn 依次，輪流，反過來[B]in fact事實(shí)上 [C]in particular尤其是 [D]in consequence結(jié)果是
　　解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查的是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，即下文對(duì)上文進(jìn)一步解釋說明。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
　　19.B  [A]unless除非 [B]since直到，因?yàn)閇C]if如果 [D]whereas然而
　　解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。本句考查的是因果關(guān)系，因此只有B選項(xiàng)可以表示這種邏輯關(guān)系。
　　20. C [A]funny 有趣的[B]logical有邏輯的[C]simple簡(jiǎn)單的 [D]rare罕見的
　　解析：形容詞辨析題。文章最后給出一個(gè)總結(jié)性的表述，即與陌生人說話可以讓你感覺有連接感，考查我們"這是什么樣的問題"。根據(jù)上下文語義關(guān)系選擇C更符合語境。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
　　Text1
　　A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's control. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge。
　　"Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home" writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work" Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for non parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health。
　　What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home。
　　But it's not just a gender thing. At work people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。
　　On the home front however people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it or if they' re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home。
　　So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the co-workers are much harder to motivate。
　　21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home___________
　　[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation
　　[B]generated more stress than the workplace
　　[C]was an ideal plac efor stress measurement
　　[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace
　　22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?
　　[A]Working mothers
　　[B]Childless husbands
　　[C] Childless wives
　　[D]Working fathers
　　23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that___________
　　[A]they are both breadwinners and housewives
　　[B]their home is also a place for kicking back
　　[C]there is often much housework left behind
　　[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
　　24.The word "moola"(Line4，Para 4)most probably means___________
　　[A]energy
　　[B]skills
　　[C]earnings
　　[D]nutrition
　　25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________
　　[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment
　　[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
　　[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
　　[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded
　　答案：
　　Text 1
　　21 答案D offered greater relaxation than the workplace
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞 Paragraph 1，previous surveys，home。根據(jù)題干回到原文精確定位到第1句。首句提出"最新研究表明，與大部分研究相反，人們?cè)诩冶仍诠镜膲毫Ω?quot;。說明之前的研究與新研究不同，題干問previous surveys，因此之前的研究是公司比家里的壓力大。
　　22 答案B childless husbands
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞大寫人物D，問家里誰最幸福。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第二段后半部分"It is men…report being happier"，因此男性更幸福。接下來，"but more so for nonparents"。因此答案為沒有孩子的丈夫。
　　23 答案A they are both bread winners and housewives
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干提出"the blurring of working women's roles"，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段后半部分"the blurring of roles"，指代前面兩句話"For women who stay home……..And for women who work outside the home"。根據(jù)原文定位句信息，得出女性既要忙工作又要忙家務(wù)。
　　24.答案 C earnings   這是一道詞義句意題，定位在第四段第二句，At work，people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.在工作中，人們清楚地知道他們?cè)撟鍪裁?，工作，賺錢，為了得到收入完成他們必須要做的工作。這與劃線單詞相對(duì)應(yīng)，employee draws out life-sustaining moola 和draw an income相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以moola是earnings同義。
　　25.答案 B division of labor at home is seldom-clear-cut  這是一道因果細(xì)節(jié)題，答案定位在第五段首句，On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.然而，對(duì)于家庭，人們并不是很清楚。no such clarity與seldom-clear-cut 相對(duì)應(yīng)。
　　Text 2
　　For years studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen rather than close" achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science。
　　But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students。
　　The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree
　　Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap。
　　Many first-generation students' struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources" they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students' like them can improve
　　26. Recruiting more first-generation students has
　　[A]reduced their dropout rates
　　[B]narrowed the achievement gap
　　[C] missed its original purpose
　　[D]depressed college students
　　27 The author of the research article are optimistic because
　　[A]the problem is solvable
　　[B]their approach is costless
　　[q the recruiting rate has increased
　　[D]their finding appeal to students
　　28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students
　　[A]study at private universities
　　[B]are from single-parent families
　　[q are in need of financial support
　　[D]have failed their collage
　　29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students
　　[A]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
　　[B]can have a potential influence on other students
　　[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
　　[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
　　30.We may infer from the last paragraph that――
　　[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class
　　[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
　　[C]social class greatly helps en rich educational experiences
　　[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
　　T2
　　26. 答案 C missed its original purpose 細(xì)節(jié)題 定位在首段末句，This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has"continued to reproduce and widen rather than close" achievement gap.文中說雇傭第一代大學(xué)生然后看著他們失敗，這是一種自相矛盾的事，這意味著更進(jìn)一步的教育不斷擴(kuò)大了而不是縮小了這種差距。C選項(xiàng)是此句話的概括，也就是招聘第一代大學(xué)沒能達(dá)到其最初的目的。
　　27. 答案 A the problem is solvable 因果細(xì)節(jié)題 定位在二段首句， But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem...文章相當(dāng)樂觀因?yàn)樗o出了可能解決這一問題的辦法，as后就是文章樂觀的原因，it outlines a potential solution to this problem與A選項(xiàng)同意替換。
　　28. 答案C are in need of financial support 細(xì)節(jié)題 定位在三段第三句 Most of the first-generation students (59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grant, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need... with financial need..與選項(xiàng)C同意替換
　　29. 答案D are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 細(xì)節(jié)題 定位在四段首句后半句 ....first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 第一代大學(xué)生缺少的不是潛力，而是在處理大多數(shù)大學(xué)生面對(duì)的問題時(shí)的實(shí)際的常識(shí)。but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students與選項(xiàng)D同意替換
　　30. 答案 D  colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 段落推斷題 定位在末段第三句 Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experience....因?yàn)槊绹恍W(xué)院和大學(xué)很少承認(rèn)社會(huì)階級(jí)對(duì)學(xué)生教育經(jīng)歷的影響，所以。。。這就意味著學(xué)校應(yīng)該為目前的問題負(fù)部分責(zé)任，與選項(xiàng)D相對(duì)應(yīng)。
　　Text3
　　Even in traditional offices，"the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，"said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples。"If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey mission passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion。"
　　Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team"-oriented-and not by coincidence。"Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's the idea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win"。
　　These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm。"You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，"said Khurana
　　This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The "mommy wars" of the 1990s a re still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your "passion" you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
　　But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but manage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said，"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same time that you buy into it。" In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are
　　31. According to NancyKoehn office language has become________
　　[A]more e motional
　　[B]more objective
　　[C]less energetic
　　[D]less energetic
　　[E]less strategic
　　32."team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________
　　[A]historical incidents
　　[B]gender difference
　　[C]sports culture
　　[D]athletic executives
　　33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________
　　[A]revive historical terms
　　[B]promote company image
　　[C]foster corporate cooperation
　　[D]strengthen employee loyalty
　　34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________
　　[A]voices for working women
　　[B]appeals to passionate workaholics
　　[C]triggers debates among mommies
　　[D]praises motivated employees
　　35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
　　[A]Managers admire it but avoid it
　　[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense
　　[C]Companies find it to be fundamental
　　[D]Regular people mock it but accept it
　　T3
　　31 答案A more emotional
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞NancyKoehn及office language定位，找到第一段的Nancy Koehn引號(hào)里的那句話the lingua franca…gotten much more emotional and much more bright-brained.選項(xiàng)A中的more emotional即完全符合原文。
　　32 答案 C sports culture
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中出現(xiàn)team-oriented corporate vocabulary，根據(jù)該信息回到第二段定位，提到it's the idea that 'm a coach...team…but most…coaches…team.，都是與運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的信息，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行匹配，恰當(dāng)是運(yùn)動(dòng)文化。
　　33 答案D strengthen employee loyalty
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干出現(xiàn)大寫任命Khurana，并出現(xiàn)普通名詞importation of terminology定位到第三段Khurana說的那句話…non-profit… and religious…vision, values, passion,…purpose，及下文第四段首句提到personal fulfillment…keep employees motived….，這些均是職員的道德有關(guān)，因此對(duì)應(yīng)答案D加強(qiáng)員工的忠誠感。
　　34 答案A voices for working women
　　解析：推理題。根據(jù)題干中的Lean In大寫字母，定位到第四段第二句，arguments about why women still can't have it all and books…Lean In，因此Lean In肯定是與女性有關(guān)的書籍且與工作有關(guān)，對(duì)應(yīng)答案A 工作女性的呼喚，是對(duì)原文的同義替換。
　　35 答案C companies find it to be fundamental
　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干office speak及段落定位原則，定位到最后一段第一句，發(fā)現(xiàn)首句出現(xiàn)句間轉(zhuǎn)折But，及句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折but，因此后一個(gè)but更重要，提到but managers love it, companies depend on it。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)即為C 公司覺得它是基礎(chǔ)性的，很重要。此外，該段最后一句話又提到了此點(diǎn)很重要。
　　Text4
　　Many people talked of the 288000new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace。
　　However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830000(44 percent)above its year ago level。
　　Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will behaving a very hard time making ends meet。
　　There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level。
　　We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is "yes。"they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week。
　　The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance。
　　However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance。
　　36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
　　A. The prospect of a thriving job market。
　　B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs。
　　C. The possibility of full employment。
　　D. The acceleration of job creation。
　　37. Many people work part-time because they
　　A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
　　B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
　　C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
　　D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market
　　38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US
　　A. is harder to acquire than one year ago
　　B. shows a general tendency of decline
　　C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
　　D. is lower than before the recession
　　39. It can be learned that with Obamacare 。
　　A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
　　B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
　　C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
　　D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance
　　40. The text mainly discusses 。
　　A. employment in the US
　　B. part-timer classification
　　C. insurance through Medicaid
　　D. Obamacare's trouble
　　Text 4
　　36 B The increase of voluntary part-time jobs. 細(xì)節(jié)題
　　定位到第二段第一句和第二句However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. 第二句there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part time. 選項(xiàng)B是文章內(nèi)容的同義替換。
　　37 C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.細(xì)節(jié)題
　　定位到第三段的第三句話they take part-time work because this is all they can get.可見C選項(xiàng)是文章內(nèi)容的同義替換。
　　38. B: shows a general tendency of decline 細(xì)節(jié)題
　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞involuntary part-time employment in the US定位到原文第四段，轉(zhuǎn)折詞但是總的方向是在下降。同意替換答案B，總的趨勢(shì)是在下降。
　　39. B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance 推斷題
　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞obamacare,定位到原文第6段第一句，自愿做兼職工作的問題與奧巴馬的醫(yī)療政策有關(guān)，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)主要原因是允許人們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)之外得到保險(xiǎn)，同意替換答案就業(yè)不再是得到保險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)前提。
　　40.A employment in the US 主旨大意題
　　該題考察的是文章主旨大意。文章首段指出目前的失業(yè)率呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢(shì)，而接下來的第二段提出在這種失業(yè)率下降的好現(xiàn)象中，我們忽略了那些自愿(voluntary)參加兼職工作的人。第三段就自愿兼職工作者和非自愿兼職工作者的區(qū)別展開描述。最后兩段表明，那些自愿參加兼職工作的人是因?yàn)橛辛艘豁?xiàng)名為Obamacare的政策，該政策旨在使那些沒有全職工作的人也有可能獲得保險(xiǎn)，從而提升就業(yè)率?？梢?，全文都是圍繞美國的就業(yè)形勢(shì)展開討論。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
　　Part B:
　　Directions:
　　You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
　　[A] You are not alone
　　[B]    Don't fear responsibility for your life
　　[C]     Pave your own unique path
　　[D]     Most of your fears are unreal
　　[E]     Think about the present moment
　　[F]     Experience helps you grow
　　[G]     There are many things to be grateful for
　　Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Touch Times
　　Unfortunately life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time but you should remember that they won't last forever.
　　When our time of mourning is over we press forward stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way'
　　41._______________________________________________
　　Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
　　42???
　　43.________________________________________________
　　Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
　　44.________________________________________________
　　No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life especially your dearest and nearest people You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
　　45._______________________________________
　　Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
　　答案：
　　41【D】
　　解析：本段開頭第一句話說fear is both useful and harmful.也就是有利有害，接下來就講其曾經(jīng)的作用和人們的行為，接下來又開始引用別人的觀點(diǎn)。但是作者在最后一句用強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I do agree表示作者對(duì)前面引用的肯定，也就是fear is a choice 即對(duì)danger is very real 的否定，綜合即答案 D。
　　42.【E】
　　解析: 本段最后一句有個(gè)but.答案在此處。同時(shí)前面講幸福并不是一個(gè)點(diǎn)，活在當(dāng)下，也不是存在過去的時(shí)刻，而是指現(xiàn)在，就幸福全部指現(xiàn)在，考慮當(dāng)下。也就是[E]     Think about the present moment
　　43.【G】
　　解析:本段就三句話。第二句中有appreciate the things you have 與第三句中smile and value their life的意思一致。綜合選項(xiàng)只有G 選項(xiàng)There are many things to be grateful for 合適.
　　44.【A】
　　解析:本段 第一句從句中no matter how isolated you might feel，其中的關(guān)鍵詞isolated 與A中alone邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。同時(shí)第一句話的主句，強(qiáng)調(diào)了remember you are not alone .故選擇A。
　　45.【C】
　　解析: 第一句說今天很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難相信自己的觀點(diǎn)，很難找到平衡，從外界資源得到平衡，而且本段出現(xiàn)了五個(gè) "own"， 直指走出自己的路。C 直說鋪設(shè)獨(dú)一無二自己的道路，故選擇C。
　　Section III Translation
　　Directions:
　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
　　Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
　　This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
　　The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.
　　此次翻譯文章來源于心理學(xué)網(wǎng)站www.spring.org.uk。節(jié)選標(biāo)題為"The Well-Travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By"的一篇文章，經(jīng)過命題人改編，共156個(gè)詞，有8句話，符合英語二翻譯模式與難度。與2014年年初翻譯難度相當(dāng)，甚至略微簡(jiǎn)單。
　　下面來分析其中稍微有難度的句子。
　　Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.
　　【解析】首先"twist and turn"的意思是迂回曲折，具體到路上表示的就是指道路的拐彎、曲折。其次"know sth like the back of your hand"的英文釋義為： to have very good and detailed knowledge of something，即對(duì)某件事情非常了解、了如指掌。
　　【翻譯】不管是哪一條路，你對(duì)每一個(gè)拐每一個(gè)彎都了如指掌，非常熟悉。
　　文中包括一個(gè)以上從句的句子有The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.這是由一個(gè)表語從句和賓語從句組成的復(fù)合句，但是都可以直接按順序翻譯，所以不涉及翻譯技巧。
　　其它稍微可能有難度的詞語為commute：通勤；perceive：察覺；well-travelled road effect：
　　熟悉路線效應(yīng)；underestimate：低估；route：道路；allocate：分配，掌握了這些詞匯，應(yīng)該就沒有大問題了。
　　設(shè)想一下，你正開車行駛在一條非常熟悉的路線上?？赡苁悄忝刻焐舷掳唷⑷コ抢?、或是回家的路。不管是哪一條路，你對(duì)每一個(gè)拐每一個(gè)彎都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在這樣的路途中，我們?nèi)菀自陂_車的時(shí)候心不在焉，對(duì)途中的景色也幾乎是全然不顧。如此一來，你會(huì)覺得路上所花的時(shí)間比實(shí)際要少。
　　這就是"熟悉路線效應(yīng)"：人們往往會(huì)低估行駛在熟悉的路上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。
　　這一效應(yīng)由我們分配精力的方式引起。當(dāng)行駛在熟悉的路上時(shí)，由于我們不用太過集中精力，時(shí)間似乎飛逝而過。隨后，我們回想行車過程時(shí)，由于我們沒有過多關(guān)注，所以對(duì)行車的印象也很模糊。因此我們會(huì)認(rèn)為花費(fèi)的時(shí)間會(huì)更短些。

　　Section IV    Writing
　　Part A
　　47. Directions:
　　Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
　　1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
　　2) call for volunteers.
　　Your should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
　　Do not use your name or the name of your university.
　　Do not write your address.(10 points)
　　Notice
　　June 20,2014
　　To enrich extracurricular activities, our school intends to hold a summer camp for students from high school on July 6,2015. The event will include English learning and basketball games.
　　Thus, volunteers for this camp are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, etc. Candidates must have adequate patience with the adolescents. Besides, the volunteers ought to have outstanding skills at English. Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred.
　　Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before June 30,2014.
　　Peking University
　　小作文即A 節(jié)作文的評(píng)分側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于信息點(diǎn)的覆蓋、內(nèi)容的組織、語言的準(zhǔn)確性、格式和語域的恰當(dāng)。對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯多樣性的要求將根據(jù)具體試題作調(diào)整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的個(gè)別關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，但使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的句子將被扣分。
　　要點(diǎn)一定要覆蓋全！本文有兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：一是簡(jiǎn)要介紹夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；二是招募志愿者。
　　所以本篇文章必須包括以上兩點(diǎn)！關(guān)于活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，大家可以寫組織學(xué)習(xí)和體育比賽之類。關(guān)于招募志愿者，大家可以寫志愿者要符合什么條件！
　　當(dāng)然，這篇文章還是有不少陷阱的，比如日期的選擇，學(xué)校的選擇！不過跨考的谷老師認(rèn)為：格式的問題重點(diǎn)一定是有沒有的問題！
　　今年英語二的作文出題可謂是另辟蹊徑！大作文如此，小作文亦是一樣！從2010年設(shè)立英語二的試卷以來，連續(xù)五年的小作文都考到的是書信！而今年考查的是通知這種告示類文體！相信不僅是眾多的考研同學(xué)們，就是不少老師都是始料未及的！
　　翻到《全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（二）考試大綱（非英語專業(yè)）》第2頁，在考查目標(biāo)里的寫作部分，有以下的表述：
　　考生應(yīng)能寫不同類型的應(yīng)用文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、報(bào)告等，還應(yīng)能寫一般描述性、敘述性和說明或議論性的文章。
　　再翻到第5頁，在考試形式、考試內(nèi)容與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)的寫作部分，有以下的表述：
　　該部分由A、B 兩部分組成，主要考查考生的書面表達(dá)能力。共25分。
　　A節(jié)：考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出一篇約100詞（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、報(bào)告等。共10分。
　　B節(jié)：要求考生根據(jù)所規(guī)定的情景或給出的提綱，寫出一篇150詞左右的英語說明文或議論文。提供情景的形式為圖畫、圖表或文字。共15分。
　　從對(duì)于小作文的要求來看，大綱上并未有對(duì)通知考查的出現(xiàn)。針對(duì)這一點(diǎn)，我們有理由替同學(xué)們感到憤怒！不過，英語一和英語二是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的，相信同學(xué)們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備英語二的時(shí)候肯定也做了英語一的真題，在寫作這一部分，英語一在2010年就考了通知！
　　我在網(wǎng)上也找到了2010年的大綱中，在評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)中：考生應(yīng)能寫不同類型的應(yīng)用文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等，以及一般描述性、敘述性、說明性或議論性的文章；在考試形式、考試內(nèi)容與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)中：考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出一篇約100詞（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等。
　　從中也可以看出并沒有對(duì)通知的要求，不過，從常識(shí)來看，通知應(yīng)該是最基本和最常見的一種告示，是一種重要的應(yīng)用文。
　　48.Directions:
　　Write an essay based on the following chart. you should
　　1） interpret the chart and
　　2） give your comments.
　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).

　　我國某市居民春節(jié)假期花銷比例
　　作文解析：
　　今年英語二作文的題目比較好寫，因?yàn)闃?biāo)題和圖示非常清晰明白。圖標(biāo)顯示了我國某市居民春節(jié)假期花銷比例, 考生分析原因的話也會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)單。下面分三段簡(jiǎn)要地說一下這三段應(yīng)該怎么寫。
　　第一段主要是描述圖表。圖表一目了然，數(shù)量詞百分比也是大家熟悉的詞匯，主要是春節(jié)的翻譯，可能有些同學(xué)不會(huì)寫，為Spring Festival。表述數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，圖中有四組數(shù)據(jù)，由于字?jǐn)?shù)的限制以及為了寫作的便利可以突出最大比例的"新年禮物"，其他兩個(gè)"交通"和"聚會(huì)吃飯"可以選擇其一來描述，注意百分比的表達(dá)方式。
　　第二段給出你的評(píng)論，主要寫這種情況的原因。主要要結(jié)合圖表描述的內(nèi)容從兩個(gè)方面寫起。一方面為什么買新年禮物花費(fèi)的錢最多， 另一方面為什么交通或者聚會(huì)會(huì)占到20%比例。
　　最后結(jié)尾段落可簡(jiǎn)要得出結(jié)論，這種現(xiàn)象并不奇怪，還將繼續(xù)下去。
　　參考例文：
　　As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the proportion of money spent on various affairs demonstrates obvious differences during the Spring Festival in one city of China. According to the data given, the money spent on buying gifts for others takes a lion's share, accounting for 40%. While transportation takes away 20% of the whole proportion.
　　What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the ever-growing eagerness to keep up with others, oceans of folks intended to offer thicker and thicker red envelope to kids as gift money, which leads to the high proportion of our expenditure. What's more, due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move from their hometowns to work in big cities. In order to cover the long distance and enjoy the happy together with family members, a large amount of money is spent on transportation.
　　In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that buying gifts and transportation will still take up a large share in our expenditure during the Spring Festival.