揭開(kāi)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中“十大符號(hào)”的神秘面紗

　　考研界公認(rèn)的一條準(zhǔn)則：得閱讀者得天下。閱讀的考察大到篇章，小到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，所以我們要掌握各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，知己知彼方能百戰(zhàn)不殆。下面靳姝老師為大家總結(jié)考研閱讀中常用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，希望引起考生對(duì)閱讀理解中標(biāo)點(diǎn)加以重視。
　　1. 逗號(hào) comma
　　用于分割并列成分?？佳兄攸c(diǎn)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分時(shí)，跳過(guò)不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.
　　2.句號(hào) period/full stop
　?、儆糜陉愂鼍洌硎疽粋€(gè)句子的結(jié)束， 起分割切分句子作用。
　?、谟糜谀承┛s略詞之后。比如Mr.、 Ms.、 etc.等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)符號(hào)使用，那么這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫(xiě)上，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫(xiě)號(hào)并非句號(hào)，也不遵循句號(hào)的語(yǔ)法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..（注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn)）。
　?、塾米餍?shù)點(diǎn)
　　3. 問(wèn)號(hào)
　　考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中的問(wèn)號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問(wèn)的功能，只問(wèn)不答，答案不言自明。Eg1. 考研難道沒(méi)有價(jià)值嗎？另外，如果開(kāi)篇就是問(wèn)句，那么則屬于問(wèn)題答案型文章，對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答就是全文主旨。
　　4. 冒號(hào)（colon）：冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過(guò)程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。
　　Eg.1997 passage 3   Q2
　　60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.
　　[A] widespread     [B] overwhelming
　　[C] piercing       [D] fashionable
　　We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
　　5.分號(hào)(semi-colon)前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語(yǔ)義上的并列。
　　For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.  (2000 Passage2)
　　6. 引號(hào)(quotation marks)：①引用  ②強(qiáng)調(diào)  ③諷刺
　　Eg1  "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
　　7. 括號(hào)(parentheses ) ①解釋說(shuō)明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)
　　9. 破折號(hào)(dash)
　?、僖粋€(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。
　　I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.
　　"This book stands for reason itself." And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
　?、趦善普厶?hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可先跳過(guò)不看。
　　In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
　　10.省略號(hào)(ellipsis) ...
　　英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語(yǔ)是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí)，應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn)，最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如:And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back.當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語(yǔ)氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí)，應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，如：Do you love me...?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more...