考研英語(yǔ)：搞定虛擬語(yǔ)氣 閱讀分直追30+

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣是考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解、完形填空和翻譯中一個(gè)很常見的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。尤其是在閱讀理解中，推理題，這個(gè)決定學(xué)生能不能從40分的閱讀中奪得30分以上的一個(gè)題型。而我們此處的虛擬語(yǔ)氣是推理題經(jīng)常出選項(xiàng)的地方。從1986年到現(xiàn)2014年，其出現(xiàn)的頻率是很高的。同時(shí)，英語(yǔ)二中虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是個(gè)考點(diǎn)。但是其形式多，很多考生在判斷辨識(shí)和使用上有一定難度。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)一般在考研中有四大類：if 引導(dǎo)的從句類；從句中（should）do 句型；特殊句型類以及單用句型類。之前我們學(xué)習(xí)了if 引導(dǎo)的從句這個(gè)第一類別。那下面肖方方老師就其他三個(gè)考點(diǎn)帶領(lǐng)大家一起繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　從句中的（should）do 句型

　?。?）英語(yǔ)中有些表示要求，建議、提議、命令、意愿等的形容詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞，其后若跟隨有主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中的動(dòng)詞要求要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞原形或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。

　　屬于該類的常見形容詞有:advisable，desirable, essential, imperative, insistent, keen , necessary, preferable,urgent, vital等。

　　例1 .If citiesare to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only thatcommunications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.（1989年閱讀3）

　　例2. The boarddeemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away. (1993年單選1)

　　例3.I don’tthink it advisable that he should be assigned to the job since hehas no experience whatsoever. (1993年改錯(cuò)64)

　　例4.It’s essentialthat people be psychologically ableto resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy tomarket economy. (1996年改錯(cuò)12)

　　常見的動(dòng)詞有advise, ask , beg , decide , demand, desire,determine,insist,intend,maintain,move,propose,order,recomm-end,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge等

　　例5. Thisyear, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new programto be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. (2013年新題型)

　　例6.Ratherthan concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy asa past-tense condition.（2011年閱讀4）

　　例7 It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of theEU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism andeconomic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majorityfavour French interference.（2011年英語(yǔ)二閱讀4）

　　常見的名詞有advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence,instruction,   order, preference ,proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, suggestion 等。

　　例8. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or innon-national teams, might be too much to hope for.（1992年閱讀3）

(2)由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的從句也多用“should+動(dòng)詞原形的形式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。”

　　例9 Theyshould be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.（2003年閱讀2）

　　例10 What hashappened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily andopenly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive andvulgar.（2000年閱讀5）

　　特殊句型類

　　考研的文章中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)由單詞或短語(yǔ)印出來(lái)的從句，如果是現(xiàn)在的情況，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如果是過(guò)去的情況，要用過(guò)去完成體。

　　（1）it is about/high time(that) “是…時(shí)間了”其要表達(dá)的含義是“早該”，也就是說(shuō)是目前還沒(méi)發(fā)生，所以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　例11    If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I [C] buried my head in my hands for a cry.（2001年單選1）

　　wouldrather/had rather 寧愿;wish希望;if only 要

　　是。。。就好了。ifonly 引導(dǎo)的句子經(jīng)常被用來(lái)表示不可能或很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，be動(dòng)詞用were。也可以表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情表示“遺憾”，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式，其作用就相當(dāng)于Iwish 引導(dǎo)的句子。

　　(3) as if / though 好像，仿佛

　　在表示假設(shè)的句子中，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在，用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去。

　　例12 Beethoven’smusic tends to move from chaos to order asif order were an imperative ofhuman existence.（2014年翻譯）

　　單句句型類

　?。?）should have done 本該做卻沒(méi)有做

　　例13 Now he issuing the casino, charging that it shouldhaverefused his patronagebecause it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.（2006年新題型）

　?。?）should not have done 本不該做卻做了

　　例14 Unhappyparents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are botheredwith the message that children are the single most important thing in theworld: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-sizeholes in their lives.(2011年閱讀4)

　　那關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解就到此結(jié)束。在此肖方方老師提醒各位在考研的任何階段，此語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象都要做到辨認(rèn)和靈活使用。望同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)順利。最后送同學(xué)們一句話Everything will be fine at the end ,if it isn’t well,it’s not theend.每件事都會(huì)在最后變得好好的，如果現(xiàn)在不夠好，那是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在還沒(méi)到最后階段。加油！
 

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