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2015年考研英語(二)答案及解析(完整)

  Text 3

  31、【答案】[A]more emotional
  【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的office language對應(yīng)文章中的lingua franca of corporate(公司通用語),題干中的has become對應(yīng)文章中的has gotten,所以答案對應(yīng)文章中的more emotional and much more right-brained。所以答案A more emotional。本題的易錯答案是 more objective。文章中的objectives是名詞"目標(biāo),話題"的意思。
  32、【答案】[C] sports culture
  【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的答案可以從第二段的第二句到第四句中得出。這幾句話都是在舉例子,作為論據(jù)出現(xiàn)來論證第一句話。第二句話中出現(xiàn)了sports,第三句話中出現(xiàn)了coach和team,第四句話中出現(xiàn)了coach和team,win,所有的這些詞都與運動相關(guān),所以答案選C sports culture。
  33、【答案】[D] strengthen employee loyalty
  【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干中還出現(xiàn)了believe這一觀點動詞,根據(jù)題干中的importation of terminology可以定位到第三段的第二句話,但是這句話屬于論據(jù),其論點是第一句話。本句中出現(xiàn)are intended to表示目的,對應(yīng)題干中的aims to,句子出現(xiàn)了increase allegiance to the firm,對應(yīng)D strengthen employee loyalty,表示"加強員工的忠誠度"。
  34、【答案】[A] voices for working women
  【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干中的Lean In可以定位到第四段的第二句話。這句話中出現(xiàn)了1990s和"mommy wars"也是明顯的論據(jù),所以推理的核心論點是前面的第一句話。第一句話中出現(xiàn)了work-life balance,第二句話中出現(xiàn)了mommy wars,結(jié)合二者可以推理出這句話談?wù)摰氖枪ぷ髦袑τ谂缘牟还健K源鸢高xvoices for working women(為職業(yè)女性申辯)。
  35、【答案】[D] regular people mock it but accept it
  【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到最后一段的第一句話。要注意這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)。本句是一個轉(zhuǎn)折句,盡管大家取笑office speak,但是…。轉(zhuǎn)折之后表示的是人們對它的認(rèn)可,A Managers …avoid it態(tài)度與文章不符。B中的linguists 在文章中沒有提到。C中的Companies find it to fundamental,屬于推理過度,文章說的是depend on,依靠并不說明fundamental根本的。
  Text 4
  36、【答案】[B] the increase of part-time jobs
  【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"job pictures, neglected"可以回文定位到第二段第一句話"the jobs picture ...was largely overlooked",其中neglected是overlooked的同義替換。并且此句有明顯的命題點"however"。第二句具體指出被忽略的部分是"there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.",即有大量的人自愿從事兼職工作。故正確答案為B。其中increase是原文jump的同義替換,voluntary part-time jobs是voluntarily working part-time的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
  37、【答案】[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
  【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞"many people work part-time"可以定位到第二段第五句話"many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs"。由此句可知,那些從事兼職工作的人實際想擁有全日制工作。接著第六句明確指出他們從事兼職工作的原因:they take part-time because this is all they can get。言外之意是說,人們目前只能得到兼職工作,而無法獲得全職工作。故正確答案為C。
  38、【答案】[B] shows a general tendency of decline
  【解析】通過題干中的involuntary part-time employment可以將該題定位在文章第二段。該段倒數(shù)第二句表明"這種非自愿參加兼職工作在六月份是呈現(xiàn)增長的,但是總趨勢是下降的"。故B選項(呈現(xiàn)出一種普遍下降的趨勢)正確。
  39、【答案】[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
  【解析】通過題干中with Obamacare可以將該題定位在全文最后一句。該句表明,就業(yè)和保險之間不再有關(guān)聯(lián)。而從上一句可以看出,之前很多人想要找一份提供保險的全職工作來養(yǎng)活自己和家人??梢姡?,就業(yè)就意味著能得到保險。而它們之間的關(guān)系不復(fù)存在,即雇傭不再是得到保險的前提條件??梢姡珺選項正確。
  40、【答案】[A] employment in the US
  【解析】該題考察的是文章主旨大意。文章首段指出目前的失業(yè)率呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢,而接下來的第二段提出在這種失業(yè)率下降的好現(xiàn)象中,我們忽略了那些自愿(voluntary)參加兼職工作的人。第三段就自愿兼職工作者和非自愿兼職工作者的區(qū)別展開描述。最后兩段表明,那些自愿參加兼職工作的人是因為有了一項名為Obamacare的政策,該政策旨在使那些沒有全職工作的人也有可能獲得保險,從而提升就業(yè)率。可見,全文都是圍繞美國的就業(yè)形勢展開討論。故A選項正確。
  Part B
  41、【答案】[D] Most of your fears are unreal
  【解析】本段中出現(xiàn)了多次詞義復(fù)現(xiàn),如Fear is not real以及fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination(恐懼只是豐富想象的產(chǎn)物)。Unfortunately轉(zhuǎn)折后作者通過引用Will Smith的話以及自己的總結(jié)強調(diào)揭示了段落主題。
  42、【答案】[E] Think about the present moment
  【解析】該題所在段落平鋪直敘,因此第一句話為段落中心句,其中關(guān)鍵信息是focus on the present moment,與選項E主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。下文中又多次復(fù)現(xiàn)了主題詞,如value the present moment,moment以及present。
  43、【答案】[G] There are many things to be grateful for
  【解析】該題的解題線索是主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。段落中的appreciate,smile,value與grateful屬于近義復(fù)現(xiàn),cry和complain與grateful是反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。
  44、【答案】[A] You are not alone
  【解析】段落首句出現(xiàn)了表達(dá)強烈語氣的情態(tài)動詞should,因此主題句為首句,關(guān)鍵信息為you are not alone,與A選項匹配。
  45、【答案】[C] Pave your own unique path
  【解析】該段落主題句為"When you…you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best."作者正面提出了自己的觀點"相信自己以及自己的決定是最佳的"。下文進(jìn)一步闡釋,其中own thoughts, own values 以及own choices構(gòu)成了標(biāo)題中的own unique path。
  Section III  Translation
  46、【參考譯文】
  想象行駛在一條非常熟悉的路線上。它可能是你通勤上班的路,可能是你赴城或回家的路。不管是哪條路線,你熟知每個轉(zhuǎn)彎,就像熟知你的手背。在這樣的旅程中,很容易忽視實際的行駛過程,不關(guān)注路過的風(fēng)景。結(jié)果,你感覺行駛的時間比實際的時間要少。
  這是熟悉路線效應(yīng):人們常常低估行駛熟悉路線所用的時間。
  這種效應(yīng)是由我們分配注意力的方式引起的。當(dāng)我們行駛在熟悉的線路中,因為我們不必聚精會神,時間似乎流逝得更快些。之后,當(dāng)我們回想起這段旅程,我們不能清楚地憶起它,因為我們并未留意過它。因此,我們認(rèn)為這段旅程的時間相對較短。
  Section IV  Writing
  47、
  【參考范文】
  NOTICE
  June 8, 2014
  Since our university is going to organize a camp for high school students during this summer vocation, the Postgraduate Association is now recruiting volunteers to make the camp a complete success.
  As a cultural exchange program, this camp starting from July 17 to August 17 aims to promote the understanding of American culture among high school students. Students will visit a high school in Texas and exchange ideas with students there. After that, they will have a tour to major American universities and famous tourist spots. Those who would like to volunteer for this activity must possess fluent communication skills in English. All the transportation and accommodation expenses are covered.
  Anyone who is interested in international communication is encouraged to apply. The applicants may download the application form from the university website and send the form to 1234567@hotmail.com.
  Postgraduates' Association
  48、
  【參考范文】
  Emerging from the pie char given above is the proportions of residents' different consumptions during Spring Festival in a Chinese city. To be specific, the percentage of consumption taken by New Year's present accounts for 40%, ranking first. Meanwhile, that of gatherings and traffic ranks second, making up 20% respectively.
  The bar chart reveals the fact that money spent on New Year's present occupies the largest percentage of the consumption. What exactly contributes to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: To begin with, it is universally acknowledged that China is renowned for valuing politeness and ceremonies ever since ancient times. Therefore sending New Year's present mutually is a symbol of inheriting Chinese civilization and virtue, especially during the traditional festivals. In addition, with the improvement of financial status and corresponding purchasing power, people in mounting numbers can afford the once-deemed-expensive gifts to convey their warmest wishes and sincerest greetings.
  By observing the different proportion of the pie chart, we may forecast that this situation will continue in the near future, which is beneficial to promote interpersonal communication and the social harmony as well and should be further encouraged.
 

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