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掌握五大邏輯關系,提高完形準確率!

  摘要:考研英語中完形填空的失分率極高,通常一篇文章如果沒有理清上下文的邏輯關系,可能會連續(xù)錯好幾道題甚至更多。不過,完形填空的上下文邏輯也并不是毫無規(guī)律可循,任何文章總是逃不過五種邏輯,掌握這五種邏輯關系,提高完形準確率!

  ?常見的五大邏輯關系

  1、對立關系

  包括讓步和轉折關系,常見的標志詞和短語有:but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,unfortunately,although,even though,nevertheless,in spite of,regardless of,anyhow,instead of,rather than,not…but等。

  如2000年完型第41題:

  He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.

  [A]other than  [B]as well as  [C]instead of  [D]more than

  答案:C

  解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷??涨?ldquo;儲存了大量糧食”與空后“消耗所有糧食”形成對立關系,選C instead of.

  2、因果關系

  常用的標志詞和短語有:because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,in order that,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,in response to,on account of,because of,considering that,seeing that,in that,now that,lest,as a result,for this reason等。

  如2004年完型第34題:

  More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, ___, children are likely to have less supervision at home.

  [A]contrarily  [B]consequently  [C]similarly  [D]simultaneously

  答案:B

  解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷??涨?ldquo;更多的家庭是單親家庭或雙工家庭”與空后“孩子在家很少受到監(jiān)管”之間是因果關系,故所B consequently.

  3、并列關系

  常用的標志詞和短語有:and,or,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,same…as等。

  如2004年完型第25題:

  Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ___ as a rejection of middle-class values.

  [A]or  [B]but rather  [C]but  [D]or else

  答案:A

  解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷??涨?ldquo;沒有成功提升社會經(jīng)濟地位”與空后“排斥中產(chǎn)階級的價值觀”都可能是“犯罪”的原因,故空前和空后之間是并列關系,選A or.

  4、總分關系

  常用的標志詞和短語有:such as,for example,for instance, to illustrate,as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically等。

  如2001年完型第31題:

  The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.

  [A]as to  [B]for instance  [C]in particular  [D]such as

  答案:D

  解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷??涨?ldquo;prominent cases”與空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的關系,總體與部分的關系,可以選for instance和such as,但for instance后面不能直接加名詞,such as后要直接加名詞,故選D such as.

  5、遞進關系

  常用的標志詞和短語有:then,besides,additionally,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what is more等。

  如1994年完型第46題:

  Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.() inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.

  [A]Moreover  [B]However  [C]Preliminarily  [D]Unexpectedly

  答案:A

  解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷。此空位于段首,需要考慮本段與上一段的邏輯關系,上一段提到“careless use of words”給交談帶來的障礙,空后則提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困難。前后是遞進關系,故選擇A moreover.

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