2018考研英語（二）真題完型（文字版）

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.

　　In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

　　Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

　　The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.

　　1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

　　2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

　　3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

　　4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

　　5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

　　6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

　　7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

　　8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

　　9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to

　　10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover

　　11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

　　12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to

　　13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence

　　14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive

　　15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

　　16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

　　17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

　　18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

　　19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

　　20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

　　Text 1

　　It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

　　Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

　　As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

　　But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.

　　On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.

　　But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

　　In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

　　Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.

　　21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.

　　A.mechanical memorization

　　B.academic training

　　C.practical ability

　　D.pioneering spirit

　　22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.

　　A.are financially disadvantaged

　　B.are not academically successful

　　C.have a stereotyped mind

　　D.have no career motivation

　　23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.

　　A.are entitled to more “ducational privileges

　　B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing

　　C.used to have more job opportunities

　　D.used to have big financial concerns

　　24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.

　　A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

　　B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

　　C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

　　D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

　　25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.

　　A.supportive

　　B.disappointed

　　C.tolerant

　　D.cautious

　　Text4

　　To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to fucus without distraction.

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

　　Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

　　“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

　　Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

　　“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay.

　　Text4

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______

　　A. seize every minute to work

　　B. list you immediate tasks

　　C. make specific daily plans

　　D. Keep to your focus time

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

　　A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　C. distractions may actually increase efficiency

　　D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

　　38. According to Newport, idleness is __________-

　　A. a desirable mental state for busy people

　　B. a major contributor to physical health

　　C. an effective way to save time and energy

　　0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and infocused ______

　　A. can bring about greater efficiency

　　B. can result in psychological well-being

　　C. is driven by task urgency

　　D. is aimed at better balance in work

　　40. This text is mainly about_____

　　A. approaches to getting more done in less time

　　B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　C. The key to eliminating distractions

　　D. The cause of the lack of focus time