考研英語(yǔ)時(shí)文賞讀（71）：堅(jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng)真的能預(yù)防癌癥？

　　摘要：考研英語(yǔ)作為一門考研公共課，雖然大家都學(xué)了英語(yǔ)十幾年，卻仍經(jīng)常有總分過(guò)線掛在英語(yǔ)上的情況，因此英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)不單單是單詞、做題。閱讀作為考研英語(yǔ)的大頭，僅僅做考研真題或許沒(méi)法滿足你的閱讀量，因此幫幫之后會(huì)不定時(shí)推出一篇英文美文，這些文章都與考研英語(yǔ)閱讀同源，多讀必有好處。

　　One of the most important benefits of exercise is in how it reduces our risk of developing a number of types of cancer — especially colorectal cancer, which according to some estimates is the malignancy most influenced by physical activity.

　　運(yùn)動(dòng)最重要的好處之一就是降低我們患多種癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，尤其是直腸癌，據(jù)一些研究，在惡性腫瘤中，運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)直腸癌最有效。

　　But how workouts guard against colon cancer remains largely unknown. Physical activity speeds the movement of waste through the intestines, as anyone who has had to hunt for a bathroom during a workout knows.

　　但是運(yùn)動(dòng)如何能預(yù)防直腸癌仍然是個(gè)未知數(shù)。在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)上廁所的頻率更高了，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)加速了排泄物在腸道中的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　But this does not seem to fully account for the protective effects of exercise. Instead, a small study published in February in The Journal of Physiology suggests we should also look to changes in our bloodstream after exercise.

　　但這似乎不能完全解釋運(yùn)動(dòng)的預(yù)防作用。不過(guò)，2月份在《生理學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)小型研究建議我們可以更多地關(guān)注運(yùn)動(dòng)后血液的變化。

　　The new study began with scientists at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and other institutions recruiting 20 men who had survived colon cancer. (Women were excluded because menstruation might have affected results.)

　　這項(xiàng)新的研究由澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的科學(xué)家發(fā)起，他們招募了20名直腸癌患者。（女性被排除在外，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)可能會(huì)影響結(jié)果。）

　　The scientists asked 10 of the men to start working out strenuously three times a week: pedaling a stationary bicycle hard for four minutes, resting for three, and repeating that sequence three more times. They trained for a month and then, a few days after completing the program, rested quietly while researchers drew blood.

　　科學(xué)家們要求10名男性一周做三次劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)：用力踩靜止單車四分鐘，休息三分鐘，再重復(fù)三次。訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)月之后，十個(gè)人完成了運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)劃。幾天后，研究人員在他們休息時(shí)進(jìn)行抽血。

　　The other 10 men completed the same 4 x 4 interval session, but only once. The researchers drew their blood before, immediately following and an additional two hours after that lone workout.

　　另外10名男性完成了同樣的4×4間歇訓(xùn)練，但只做了一次。研究人員在這項(xiàng)單獨(dú)的運(yùn)動(dòng)之前、完成之后以及完成兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后抽取了他們的血液。

　　The scientists then carefully added a tiny amount of fluid from the men’s blood to petri dishes containing human colon-cancer tumor cells often used to study cancer growth. At several points during the subsequent 72 hours, the researchers counted the numbers of cells in each dish. They soon saw substantial differences.

　　然后，科學(xué)家們小心地在含有人類結(jié)腸癌腫瘤細(xì)胞（通常用于研究癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)）的培養(yǎng)皿中加入少量男性血液中的液體。在接下來(lái)的72小時(shí)里，研究人員計(jì)算了每個(gè)培養(yǎng)皿中細(xì)胞的數(shù)量。他們很快就看到了實(shí)質(zhì)性的差異。

　　In the dishes containing fluid taken from the men immediately after a single workout, the scientists counted far fewer cancer cells than in those awash in fluid drawn two hours after exercise. There was no similar decline in the dishes from the men who had trained for a month. In effect, something about the blood drawn immediately after the workout was slowing the growth of cancer cells.

　　相比運(yùn)動(dòng)后2小時(shí)才抽取的血液，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在將運(yùn)動(dòng)后立即取出的血液加入培養(yǎng)皿后癌細(xì)胞會(huì)大量減少，而運(yùn)動(dòng)后一個(gè)月的血液也無(wú)法達(dá)到這種效果。實(shí)際上，鍛煉后立即抽取的血液會(huì)減緩癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)。

　　The researchers think they may have identified that something in subsequent analyses of the men’s blood. They found a large increase in molecules involved in inflammation immediately after exercise. Inflammation can slow cell growth and reproduction.

　　研究人員認(rèn)為他們可能在隨后的血液分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些東西。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)后，誘發(fā)炎癥的分子會(huì)急速增加，而炎癥可以減緩細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)與繁殖。

　　So a transitory increase in inflammatory markers after exercise might be helping to jam the proliferation of tumor cells, says Tina Skinner, a physiologist who was the senior author of the study.

　　這項(xiàng)研究的資深作者、生理學(xué)家蒂娜·斯金納說(shuō)：“因此，運(yùn)動(dòng)后炎癥分子的短暫增加可能有助于癌癥細(xì)胞的繁殖。”

　　The implications of these results are both cheering and cautionary. The changes in exercisers’ blood were potent but “transient,” Skinner says.

　　這些結(jié)果的寓意既讓人振奮又令人警覺(jué)。斯金納說(shuō)，運(yùn)動(dòng)者血液中的變化對(duì)癌癥是強(qiáng)有力的，但同時(shí)也是“短暫的”。

　　So activities would have to be repeated to provide any continuing protection, and it remains unclear how intense or prolonged that exercise ideally would need to be, or if the effects extend equally to fighting other types of cancer.

　　因此，必須堅(jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng)以提供持續(xù)的癌癥預(yù)防效果，目前尚不清楚理想情況下運(yùn)動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度需要有多大、持續(xù)時(shí)間需要多長(zhǎng)，或者其影響是否對(duì)其他癌癥也有效。

　　But even so, Skinner says, “We would recommend that exercise be embedded as part of standard practice for people living with and beyond cancer.”

　　盡管如此，斯金納說(shuō)，“我們還是建議癌癥患者和預(yù)防癌癥人群將運(yùn)動(dòng)作為健康生活實(shí)踐的一部分。”

　　(全文共512個(gè)詞：每日郵報(bào))

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