2020考研英語秘籍：語法精煉之修辭倒裝

　　摘要：語法的重要性幫幫已經(jīng)說過很多次了，沒有語法基礎(chǔ)光靠背單詞是不可能讀懂長難句，也無法在閱讀上取得高分的。為了方便大家記憶，幫幫整理了考研英語語法精煉，希望可以幫助大家更方便的學(xué)習(xí)英語~

　　1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等開頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這些都是表示否定或半否定意義的詞或詞組。

　　例如：

　　Never have I come across such a difficult problem.

　　我還從沒有遇到過這樣困難的問題。

　　Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少讀這種雜志。

　　No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.

　　他們剛走，公共汽車就來了。

　　Never before have I met him. 我以前從未見過他。

　　Hardly did I think it possible. 我想這幾乎不可能。

　　Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

　　我們不但應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且要盡最大努力克服困難。

　　Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜雨才停。

　　(正常語序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的變化)

　　Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree. 你很難發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)鐘或表的時(shí)間完全一樣。

　　By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.

　　這種方法決不會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果。

　　翻譯練習(xí)(使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))：

　　1)我從來沒有讀過這么一本有意思的書。

　　Never have I read such an interesting book.

　　2)她一點(diǎn)也不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。

　　Little does she know what may happen.

　　3)我簡直不相信這是真的。

　　Hardly could I believe it (to be) true.

　　4)我剛到家，就下起大雨來了。

　　No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.

　　5)最近我很少見到她。

　　Seldom have I met her recently.

　　6)愛因斯坦不僅是世界聞名的科學(xué)家，而且還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的小提琴家。

　　Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.

　　7)直到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，他才回家。

　　Not until after the war did he return home.

　　(正常語序是： He did not return home until after the war.)

　　8)在任何情況下，我們都不應(yīng)該做違反人民意愿的事。

　　Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.

　　2.在以“only+狀語”開頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這里only后面必須跟有它修飾的狀語或狀語從句，這是關(guān)鍵。否則就不倒裝。

　　例如：

　　Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.

　　只是在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后人類才意識(shí)到原子彈的可惡。

　　(注意：only 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。)

　　Only then did I realize the importance of English.

　　只在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到英語的重要性。

　　Only in this way can we improve ourselves.

　　只有用這種方法我們才能不斷提高自己。

　　Only after you finish it can you leave.

　　只有結(jié)束它以后，你才能離開。(主句倒裝)

　　注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修飾的不是狀語，則不倒裝。

　　如：

　　The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艱苦的談判以后，合同才得以簽署。

　　(改成倒裝：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)

　　Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.

　　只許資深的職員使用這個(gè)房間。

　　Only five passengers survived the accident.

　　事故中只有五位旅客生存了下來。

　　3.用于以表示處所、聲音等意義的副詞開頭的句子。用表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的不及物動(dòng)詞(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作謂語時(shí)，為了表示生動(dòng)，可將某些副詞放在句首，謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　例如：

　　Away flew the birds. 鳥兒飛走了。

　　Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。

　　Down came the rain. 下起大雨來了。

　　Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一聲響了。

　　The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.

　　門突然開了，一個(gè)陌生人沖了進(jìn)來。

　　4.用倒裝來避免頭重腳輕，使句子顯得平衡。這主要是因?yàn)橹髡Z過長或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語。

　　例如：

　　At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.

　　在那邊那個(gè)大房子的中央有一張用從南美洲的巴西進(jìn)口的木頭做成的桌子。

　　(正常語序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 這句話主語和謂語間隔太長，不平衡。)

　　Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.

　　雷達(dá)在我們的國防事業(yè)中起著非常重要的作用，它的用處將會(huì)更廣泛。

　　(正常語序：The use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense, will be still wider. 主語和謂語間隔太長，不平衡。)

　　Written in English on the blackboard were these words: “Merry Christmas!” 在黑板上用英語寫著這么幾個(gè)字：“圣誕快樂!”

　　Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. 出席會(huì)議的有校長、英語教師和學(xué)生們的家長。

　　Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是國王和王后們的墓穴和通往墓穴的長通道。

　　5.其他用法

　　倒裝還可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語和賓語的句子中。把表語和賓語提到主語前。

　　如：

　　Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

　　愛因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)取得了偉大成就的單純的人。

　　Such was the story he told me. 這就是他給我講的故事。

　　Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.