真題揭秘！破解英語(yǔ)新題型技巧

　　摘要：考研新題型并不像大家所說(shuō)的那樣難于登天，掌握了相應(yīng)的解題規(guī)律后，是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)最有可能提分的一個(gè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)。今天幫幫以往年考研英語(yǔ)新題型真題為例，為大家整理考研英語(yǔ)新題型的解題思路，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

　　?新題型的三種題型的展示方式

　　新題型一共有三種題型，分別是：

　　題型一：

　　排序題：7，8個(gè)選項(xiàng)排序，已給2，3段的段落位置。

　　題型二：

　　選擇搭配題：5空，在6，7個(gè)選項(xiàng)里以補(bǔ)充完整5空。所謂的七選五

　　題型三：

　　小標(biāo)題或概括句：從6，7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?個(gè)標(biāo)題填入文中空白處。

　　?新題型解題著重點(diǎn)

　　重點(diǎn)說(shuō)一些前兩類(lèi)題型——七選五、排序。這兩類(lèi)題型比小標(biāo)題稍難，也是最有概率考的。在這不是壓題，是用之前的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)。再說(shuō)這兩類(lèi)題之前，我們很有必要來(lái)了解這篇文章是怎么來(lái)的。大家知道，一篇考研閱讀的文章不能是跟散文一樣，想到哪說(shuō)到哪，一定是很有邏輯性，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)的。就算是散文也是“形散神不散”。

　　不能是這樣：A：你吃飯了么？

　　B：我考試得了100分，你考得怎么樣？

　　A：我周末去公園玩了。

　　這樣的句子就是毫無(wú)邏輯可言的，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章中。那么一篇文章怎么能做到邏輯縝密、嚴(yán)絲合縫呢！最重要的是通過(guò)兩個(gè)“連接裝置” ：

　　1、邏輯連詞，and but so or for這類(lèi)的，這個(gè)是大的邏輯關(guān)系詞。

　　2、代詞。

　　但是有的同學(xué)說(shuō)了，代詞怎么能有邏輯關(guān)系呢？怎么能連接句子呢？我說(shuō)一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的例子：XX明星長(zhǎng)得很漂亮，我很喜歡她。這兩個(gè)之間沒(méi)有邏輯連詞，但是句子仍然顯得很有邏輯性，很?chē)?yán)密。這是因?yàn)橛辛舜~，“她”這個(gè)代詞就把兩個(gè)沒(méi)關(guān)系的句子連接起來(lái)了。這樣一解釋我們就頓悟了，原來(lái)我們尋找的“同義復(fù)現(xiàn)”背后的原理就是尋找文章的代詞，原來(lái)原理竟是如此的簡(jiǎn)單。

　　既然知道了“連接裝置”的存在，我們就要進(jìn)一步的想一下文章的脈絡(luò)了。一篇文章挖了5個(gè)空，讓我們從7個(gè)備選答案中選出正確的。那一定是用邏輯連詞(邏輯關(guān)系)或者代詞來(lái)把兩個(gè)段落連接起來(lái)。這樣我們做題的時(shí)候就抓住了重點(diǎn)，就是“連接裝置”。用鏈接裝置來(lái)做題。舉個(gè)例子：

　　2010年的6選5排序，這個(gè)題在10年的抽樣調(diào)查中，得分率僅為2分。因?yàn)锳BCDE和EABCD是完全不同的，如果ABCDE是正確答案，那么EABCD就是0分，一招出錯(cuò)滿(mǎn)盤(pán)皆輸。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，第一題是讓我們填首段，這個(gè)是當(dāng)年感覺(jué)最簡(jiǎn)單的一道題。

　　[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing…

　　[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets…

　　[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure…

　　[D] All in all， this clearly seems to be a market in…

　　[F] For example， wholesale food and drink sales…

　　[G] However， none of these requirements should deter…

　　在這六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，ADFG是有邏輯連詞，C是代詞。其邏輯關(guān)系一定是前邊闡述了一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者事情，然后后邊才能接這些連接裝置。所以B很容易就選出來(lái)了。在童鞋們復(fù)習(xí)考研新題型的時(shí)候，要多關(guān)注怎么用“連接裝置”來(lái)解題，看輔導(dǎo)書(shū)的解析的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該看看他的解析是否用到了邏輯關(guān)系，是否用到了關(guān)鍵詞。

　　3、在新題型中有幾個(gè)除了連接裝置的詞，也要足夠引起我們的注意。

　?。?）數(shù)字：我們對(duì)一些數(shù)字要敏感的，作者行文可能是通過(guò)時(shí)間順序，或者是按某種特定的順序。最典型的就是2006年的“美國(guó)博彩業(yè)的興旺”全篇行文是按主人公越賭越大，所賭的錢(qián)數(shù)也是遞增的關(guān)系。這樣我們的第一題的C就輕松解出來(lái)了，根本不用知道他在說(shuō)什么。我們要對(duì)數(shù)字敏感，遇到白給分的題千萬(wàn)要拿住。

　　（2）引號(hào)&專(zhuān)有名詞：如果你引入一個(gè)新的概念或者一個(gè)新的專(zhuān)有名詞，那么你要先介紹他，這就不免在一個(gè)段落或連續(xù)的幾個(gè)段落多次出現(xiàn)這個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞。如2008年的最后一題?？涨暗淖詈笠痪?，The student who wrote “The A &P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)這里出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞The A &P不管他是縮寫(xiě)還是什么意思，這個(gè)是我們不知道的東西，后面一定會(huì)還要提到他。那么看選項(xiàng)中EF有提到The A &P

　　E：Although this is an interesting issue， it has…lead up to the A &P “policy” he enforces.

　　F：In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A &P”…

　　如果你還記得上邊說(shuō)的兩大“連接裝置”那你看到E選項(xiàng)，會(huì)是多么激動(dòng)的事情??！既有邏輯連詞Although，又有代詞this，如果讓我蒙我會(huì)毫不猶豫的蒙E。當(dāng)然你也可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)義的分析來(lái)解這道題。就F來(lái)說(shuō)，很突兀的一句話(huà)，和上文不搭調(diào)，原因就在于它沒(méi)有連接裝置。

　　?新題型解題技巧

　　對(duì)于新題型的答題策略應(yīng)該是注重段落篇章的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)和結(jié)構(gòu)，下面教大家兩個(gè)招式來(lái)瓦解新題型，快速奪取這個(gè)模塊的分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　1、識(shí)別上下關(guān)聯(lián)詞

　　♦真題回放：（2013年真題）

　　Today， the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates， rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that thenumberof papers including thekeywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. （43）

　?。跙］ However， thenumbersare still small： in 2010，about 1，600 of the 100，000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.

　　解析：43題是本段最后一句，由此和它關(guān)聯(lián)最緊密的是它的上一句。上句中nalyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004.講的核心詞是number，并且還出現(xiàn)了個(gè)新詞匯“keywords”，而選項(xiàng)B中也出現(xiàn)了number和keywords，和前句構(gòu)成了上下關(guān)聯(lián)，故而選之。

　　2、捆綁排序

　　♦真題回放：（2011年真題）

　　[A]No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr. Menand points out， become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years.Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

　　[C]Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up ：with professorships forwhich they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.

　　解析：A選項(xiàng)的最后提到了Not surprisingly，而C選項(xiàng)的開(kāi)頭也提到了Equally unsurprisingly，這表明這兩段有關(guān)聯(lián)，是對(duì)同一話(huà)題的探討，因而，這兩個(gè)可以捆綁在一起排序。

　　♦真題回放：（2014年真題）

　　[B]In another case， American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600， this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas， but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

　　[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case，many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan， Honduras， have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changeddramatically between AD 500 and 850， when Copan collapsed.

　　解析：我們從B段的開(kāi)頭看到In another case，那么，肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)另一個(gè)one case，而在D段我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了In one case，所以BD形成了捆綁，并且D前B后，這樣排序時(shí)，我們就可以一下子填兩個(gè)連著的空格了。

　　3、復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　所謂的復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是相關(guān)解題信息的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)涉及到原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，同義、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)以及反義復(fù)現(xiàn)等。掌握這種解題方法，能夠幫助我們迅速解題。

　　♦真題回放：（2010年真題）

　　[B]①Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill， leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. ②Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce， with limit success， and expansion abroad. ③But almost all have ignored the big， profitable opportunity in their own backyard：the wholesale food and drink trade， which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

　　[F] ①For example， wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France， Germany， Italy， Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. ②Moreover， average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail； wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often； and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

　　【分析】 [F]選項(xiàng)中首句中的wholesale food and drink和[B]選項(xiàng)中最后一句話(huà)的the wholesale food and drink形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　?、賂elevision is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. ②The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. ③ (45)

　　[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow， to encourage thoughtful downloading and， even more importantly， meaningful uploading.

　　【分析】 [G] 選項(xiàng)中the flow與45題前flowing形成同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

　　4、代詞指代

　　代詞常指代前文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞，當(dāng)某個(gè)選項(xiàng)句首或句尾出現(xiàn)代詞時(shí)，要格外敏感，通過(guò)找指代，可以迅速的把兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)連在一起。

　　♦真題回放：（2010年真題）

　　[D] ①All in all， this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale， existing infrastructure， and proven skills in the management of product ranges， logistics， and marketing intelligence. ②Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. ③At least， that is how it looks as a whole. ④Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets， especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures， as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. ⑤Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. ⑥New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.

　　[G] However， none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand， for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

　　【分析】2010年真題的新題型考查的是排序題。 [G] 選項(xiàng)的句首的these requirements與[D]選項(xiàng)最后一句are needed too 形成照應(yīng)的關(guān)系。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　　①For all the possibilities of our new culture machines， most people are still stuck in download mode. ②Even after the advent of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. ③(44)

　　[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century， much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

　　【分析】 2012年真題的新題型考查的是七選五。[F] 選項(xiàng)首句出現(xiàn)了this pyramid of production. “this”這個(gè)明顯的指示代詞，說(shuō)明前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)pyramid of production。44題前文中則出現(xiàn)了a pyramid of production。此時(shí)形成一種明顯的照應(yīng)關(guān)系。

　　♦真題回放：（2012年真題）

　　①All animals download， but only a few upload. ②Beavers build dams and birds make nests. ③Yet for the most part， the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. ④Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods --- paintings， sculpture and architecture --- and superfluous experiences --- music， literature， religion and philosophy. ⑤(43)[A] Of course， it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills， but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

　　【分析】 [A]選項(xiàng)句首出現(xiàn)了 these superfluous things。these這個(gè)明顯的指示代詞前，一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)superfluous相關(guān)的表達(dá)。在43空前出現(xiàn)了superfluous material goods和superfluous experiences，這就形式照應(yīng)的關(guān)系。

　　新題型是個(gè)技巧性很強(qiáng)的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)，建議大家能掌握些重要的解題技巧，快速得分。

　?。▽?shí)習(xí)小編：咕咚）