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考研語法入門篇:關(guān)系代詞which,that,who的區(qū)別

  摘要:which/ that/ who三者的用法比較復雜,今天小編重點為大家梳理一下which/ that/ who用法的區(qū)別。

  which VS that

  which和that都可指代物,有時候可以互換,有時卻是“水火不容”:

  一、只用that不能用which的情況:

 ?。?)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時:

  The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.

  我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。

 ?。?)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時:

  Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎?

  (3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時:

  This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。

 ?。?)先行詞里同時含有人和物時:

  I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

 ?。?)避免重復

  Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?

 ?。?)主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu):

  There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。

  二、只用which,而不用that的情況:

 ?。?)先行詞為that/ those時:

  What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

 ?。?)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時:

  This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。

 ?。?)引導非限制性定語從句:

  Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。

  that VS who

  兩者均可指人,有時可互換:

  All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。

  He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。

  一、只用that不能用who的情況:

  (1)當先行詞指人又指物時:

  I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。

 ?。?)避免重復:

  Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?

 ?。?)當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略):

  Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那個樣子了。

  二、只用who不能用that的情況:

 ?。?)先行詞為one、ones或anyone :

  Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.  所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。

 ?。?)先行詞為those且指人 :

  Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。

  (3)在there be開頭的句子中:

  There is a student who wants to see you.

 ?。?)避免重復:

  Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個男孩是誰?

 ?。?)在非限制性定語從句中:

  I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.

  (實習小編:韋斯)

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