【摘要】在英文寫作過(guò)程中,學(xué)生們常常誤入歧途卻自己不能察覺(jué)。一些常見(jiàn)的寫作錯(cuò)誤會(huì)出現(xiàn)在大部分考生的試卷上。比如審題不清,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)偏題
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【摘要】在英文寫作過(guò)程中,學(xué)生們常常“誤入歧途”卻自己不能察覺(jué)。一些常見(jiàn)的寫作錯(cuò)誤會(huì)出現(xiàn)在大部分考生的試卷上。比如審題不清,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)偏題或跑題;習(xí)慣漢語(yǔ)思維,逐字翻譯;用詞搭配不當(dāng),“張冠李戴”;詞不達(dá)意,拼寫錯(cuò)誤嚴(yán)重;等等。具體來(lái)說(shuō),常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤主要有這些:
?指代方面的錯(cuò)誤
在使用代詞it,he,this,that,which,one等時(shí),前文中應(yīng)出現(xiàn)明確的先行詞。
如:“Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future,it is senseless to force him to learn it.”,這句話中,him和it這兩個(gè)代詞都有明確的先行詞,分別是a child和knowledge,因此句子的含義非常清楚。
可是,不少學(xué)生在使用這些代詞時(shí),雖然自己很清楚它們指代的是什么,但在作文中卻沒(méi)有交代清楚,結(jié)果這些代詞非但沒(méi)有使行文簡(jiǎn)潔,反而造成了意思上的模糊,讓閱卷老師不知所云。
誤:Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.
正:Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.
【說(shuō)明】句1中的they既可指教師,也可指學(xué)生,屬指代不清的??梢园阉鼈冎械娜我庖粋€(gè)改成單數(shù)名詞。因?yàn)閱螖?shù)名詞也可以泛指一類。
?修飾方面的錯(cuò)誤
修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)緊靠被修飾的成分,并和它形成正確的邏輯關(guān)系。如果修飾語(yǔ)的位置不妥當(dāng),就會(huì)造出模棱兩可的病句。
誤:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
正:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.
【說(shuō)明】句1要表達(dá)的是把有害氣體排放到農(nóng)村,還是把工廠遷到農(nóng)村去?顯然修飾語(yǔ)to the countryside的位置放錯(cuò)了。如句2改變一下結(jié)構(gòu),就能清楚地表達(dá)要表達(dá)的意思了。
?一致方面的錯(cuò)誤
在一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部或緊鄰的兩三個(gè)句子之間,要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)等的一致。
誤:Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
正:Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.
【說(shuō)明】代詞應(yīng)與所指代的先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
?平行結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤
這里專指語(yǔ)態(tài)、比較級(jí)、非謂語(yǔ)形式、冠詞用法、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞單復(fù)數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)等錯(cuò)誤。
1、誤:Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.
正:narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)
誤:A great change has been taken place since then.
正:A great change has taken place since then.
誤:But it may occur some new problems.
正:But some new problems may occur/arise.
誤:Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.
正:Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.
【說(shuō)明】happen,take place,occur,arise等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組一般既不能用作被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),也不能作為及物動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)的。但學(xué)生作文中類似的錯(cuò)誤較多:Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.
2、誤:The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.
正:The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.
誤:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.
正:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.
誤:Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.
正:Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.
【說(shuō)明】這些都是在使用比較形式時(shí)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。尤其是第1例較普遍。如more easier,more stronger等。
?斷句方面的錯(cuò)誤
一句句子沒(méi)有結(jié)束,又開(kāi)始新的一句,結(jié)果造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)不全,這就成為斷句。
誤:TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
正:TV becomes an important part in our daily life,because we cannot live without it.
【說(shuō)明】以because,since,if等引導(dǎo)的從句是不能獨(dú)立成句的,只能依屬于主句,所以不能寫成另一句。
?連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
作文中缺少必要的連詞,或錯(cuò)用連詞的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍。
誤:One should improve his English,one should overcome difficulties in studies.
正:If one wants to improve his English,he should overcome difficulties in studies.
【說(shuō)明】學(xué)生在寫作中往往意識(shí)不到連詞的重要,不善于使用連詞和連接副詞來(lái)明確標(biāo)示出因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。
?搭配方面的錯(cuò)誤
學(xué)生作文中用詞搭配方面的錯(cuò)誤也占有較大比例。曾經(jīng)在一次六級(jí)作文閱卷中,近千篇作文在表達(dá)“上海交通越來(lái)越擁擠”這個(gè)意思時(shí),幾乎沒(méi)有一篇用 heavier,大多數(shù)人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded,而traffic是不能與crowded搭配的。
1、誤:However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.
正:However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.
【說(shuō)明】speed只能和high,low,good,top,normal,fantastic,moderate,surprising等搭配,不能與fast,quick,slow搭配。但可以這樣說(shuō)A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.
2、誤:In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
正:In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldn’t afford it.
【說(shuō)明】price只和high,low,inflated,moderate,minimum,original,popular,prevailing,published,reduced,reasonable等搭配,不能與expensive,cheap搭配,但可以說(shuō)In the past,milk was so expensive that most families couldn’t afford it.
由此可見(jiàn),要提高對(duì)詞語(yǔ)搭配的駕馭能力,除了要在平時(shí)的閱讀過(guò)程中多積累,還需要克服中文中諸如“速度快”、“價(jià)格貴”、“學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)”、“人減少”等搭配的影響,避免寫出look book或see book這樣的笑話來(lái)。
?誤用方面
學(xué)生作文中對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的誤用也相當(dāng)普遍,誤用詞語(yǔ)不僅不能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)作者的意思,而且也會(huì)鬧出笑話。
1、誤:With the industrious development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
正:With the industrial development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
2、誤:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.
正:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.
【說(shuō)明】以上錯(cuò)句都是因?yàn)閷?duì)形容詞的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是“勤勞的”,“工業(yè)上的”應(yīng)為industrial。effect一般用作名詞,其動(dòng)詞形式表示“產(chǎn)生、實(shí)現(xiàn)”,而這里的意思是“影響”,應(yīng)換成affect。
?。ㄎ沂菍?shí)習(xí)小編夏至:頑強(qiáng)的毅力可以征服世界上任何一座高峰。 )
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